Watson
A classic patronymic surname meaning “son of Watt,” with Watt serving as a medieval pet form of Walter.
The #81 most common surname in the United States (2010 Census) — about 1 in every 1,222 Americans shares it.
Etymology
Watson is a patronymic surname built from Watt, a familiar medieval nickname or short form of Walter, plus son. In other words, it originally meant “Watt’s son” or “son of Watt.” The underlying personal name Walter comes from Germanic elements meaning roughly “rule” and “army,” though the surname itself points most directly to the nickname Watt.
History
The name is well attested in medieval England and Scotland, with early spellings such as Watsoun and Wattson appearing in records by the 14th century. Historical surname dictionaries treat it as one of the commonest English and Scottish patronymics, and it remains especially widespread in the British Isles and the United States. Some 19th-century writers also noted that it was not tied to any single locality.
Origin
Regions
Variant spellings
Fun fact
One old source specifically notes Watson among the very familiar surnames formed from the hugely popular medieval nickname Watt.
From the historical record
“WATSHORN for Watohorn, q.v. WATSON \ Wat's or Watt's Son : v. WATSOUNJ Watt. In the Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379, we find both Watsonaxid Wattson as surnames. Robertas Watsoun de Yselye, A.D. 1537-8. — Coldstream Chartulary, p. 86. WATT, a dim. of Walter, q.v. Watte the warner; —”
— Surnames of the United Kingdom: a concise etymological dictionary (2 vols in 1)